An ideal gas has a volume of 15 ml, a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 100 kPa. The volume of the gas is reduced to 5 ml and the temperature is raised to 40 °C. What is the new pressure of the gas?

A. 600 kPa

B. 320 kPa

C. 200 kPa

D. 35 kPa

What is not an assumption of the kinetic model of an ideal gas?

A.  Attractive forces between molecules are negligible.

B.  Collision duration is negligible compared with time between collisions.

C.  Molecules suffer negligible momentum change during wall collisions.

D.  Molecular volume is negligible compared with gas volume.

Unpolarized light of intensity I₀ is incident on a polarizing filter. Light from this filter is incident on a second filter, which has its axis of polarization at 30˚ to that of the first filter.

The value of cos 30˚ is $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$. What is the intensity of the light emerging through the second filter?

A. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$I₀

B. $\frac{3}{2}$I₀

C. $\frac{3}{4}$I₀

D. $\frac{3}{8}$I₀

An insulated container of negligible mass contains a mass 2M of a liquid. A piece of a metal of mass M is dropped into the liquid. The temperature of the liquid increases by 10 °C and the temperature of the metal decreases by 80 °C in the same time.

What is $\frac{\text{specific heat capacity of the liquid}}{\text{specific heat capacity of the metal}}$?

A.  2

B.  4

C.  8

D.  16

The molar mass of an ideal gas is $M$. A fixed mass $m$ of the gas expands at a constant pressure $p$. The graph shows the variation with temperature T of the gas volume V.

What is the gradient of the graph?

A.  $\frac{Mp}{mR}$

B.  $\frac{MR}{mp}$

C.  $\frac{mp}{MR}$

D.  $\frac{mR}{Mp}$

A solid substance has just reached its melting point. Thermal energy is supplied to the substance at a constant rate. Which graph shows the variation of the temperature T of the substance with energy E supplied?

Water at room temperature is placed in a freezer. The specific heat capacity of water is twice the specific heat capacity of ice. Assume that thermal energy is transferred from the water at a constant rate.

Which graph shows the variation with time of the temperature of the water?

Two ideal gases X and Y are at the same temperature. The mass of a particle of gas X is larger than the mass of a particle of gas Y. Which is correct about the average kinetic energy and the average speed of the particles in gases X and Y?

Under which conditions of pressure and density will a real gas approximate to an ideal gas?

The fraction of the internal energy that is due to molecular vibration varies in the different states of matter. What gives the order from highest fraction to lowest fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration?

A. liquid > gas > solid

B. solid > liquid > gas

C. solid > gas > liquid

D. gas > liquid > solid

Q and R are two rigid containers of volume 3V and V respectively containing molecules of the same ideal gas initially at the same temperature. The gas pressures in Q and R are p and 3p respectively. The containers are connected through a valve of negligible volume that is initially closed.

The valve is opened in such a way that the temperature of the gases does not change. What is the change of pressure in Q?

A.     +p

B.     $\frac{+p}{2}$

C.     $\frac{-p}{2}$

D.     –p

A liquid of mass m and specific heat capacity c cools. The rate of change of the temperature of the liquid is k. What is the rate at which thermal energy is transferred from the liquid?

A. $\frac{mc}{k}$

B. $\frac{k}{mc}$

C. $\frac{1}{kmc}$

D. kmc

Cylinder X has a volume $V$ and contains 3.0 mol of an ideal gas. Cylinder Y has a volume $\frac{V}{2}$ and contains 2.0 mol of the same gas.

The gases in X and Y are at the same temperature $T$. The containers are joined by a valve which is opened so that the temperatures do not change.

What is the change in pressure in X?

A. $+\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{RT}{V}\right)$

B. $-\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{RT}{V}\right)$

C. $+\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{RT}{V}\right)$

D. $-\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{RT}{V}\right)$

Two containers X and Y are maintained at the same temperature. X has volume $4 {\mathrm{m}}^3$ and Y has volume $6 {\mathrm{m}}^3$. They both hold an ideal gas. The pressure in X is $100 \mathrm{Pa}$ and the pressure in Y is $50 \mathrm{Pa}$. The containers are then joined by a tube of negligible volume. What is the final pressure in the containers?

A.  $70 \mathrm{Pa}$

B.  $75 \mathrm{Pa}$

C.  $80 \mathrm{Pa}$

D.  $150 \mathrm{Pa}$